Senecio aureus L. var. aquilonius Fernald

Scientific Name: Senecio aureus L. var. aquilonius Fernald


Classification: Plantae/ Tracheobionta / Spermatophyta / Magnoliophyta / Magnoliopsida / Asteridae / Asterales / Asteraceae / Compositae / Packera Á. Löve & D. Löve/ Senecio aureus L. var. aquilonius Fernald

<i>Senecio aureus</i> L. var. aquilonius Fernald
General Information
Usda SymbolSEAUA
GroupDicot
Life CyclePerennial
Growth HabitsForb/herb
Native LocationsSEAUA

Plant Guide

Use a soil moisture meter to monitor the soil moisture where Senecio aureus L. var. aquilonius Fernald is planted.

Fact Sheet

Alternate Names

Golden groundsel, Senecio aureus L.

Uses

Landscaping and Wildlife: Golden Ragwort is a beautiful plant in flower and makes an effective groundcover even in dry shade conditions. For these reasons it is often used in native landscape gardens and meadow plantings. It also has potential as a component of conservation mixes. It will grow well in moist to wet soils in sunny to shady locations where it naturalizes rapidly. The nectar and pollen of the flowers are attractive to small bees and flies such as little carpenter bees, cuckoo bees, and various Halictid bees. The caterpillars of the gem moth (Orthonama obstipata) feed on the foliage. Ethnobotanical: The root and leaf are used in teas by the Cherokee Indians for heart trouble, and to prevent pregnancy. Other Native Americans used it to regulate menses, to aid childbirth, treat urinary problems and to treat lung diseases such as tuberculosis. It is also used for external ointments and infusions for ulcers and wounds. The leaves contain a low toxicity alkaloid (Pyrrolizidine). The foliage is shunned by most mammalian herbivores due to its toxicity, although sheep are more tolerant and will eat it.

Status

Description and Adaptation

Adaptation

Adaptation

Golden Ragwort is a member of the Aster family (Asteraceae). It is a somewhat weedy, short lived, perennial forb growing from 6 inches to 2 feet tall. The two very different kinds of leaves are highly distinctive. The blades of the basal leaves are 2 inches long and 2 inches across; they are cordate-orbicular in shape. The slender petioles of the basal leaves are 2 inches long. A flower stalk develops from the center of each rosette. Along this stalk, there are usually 2 – 3 alternate leaves. These leaves are smaller in size than the basal leaves and pinnatifid in shape. Both the alternate leaves and the stalk are hairless. The stalk ends in a flat-headed panicle of yellow flowers. The blooming period occurs early spring (March – April) and lasts about 3 weeks. Each daisy-like flower is 1 inch across; in the center there are numerous golden yellow disk florets, which are surrounded by 6-16 yellow ray florets. Both the disk and ray florets are fertile. Each floret is replaced by a purple bullet shaped achene which is distributed by the wind. The short rootstock has spreading fibrous roots and it produces rhizomes (and sometimes stolons). Golden Ragwort is a carefree plant which prefers full sun to light shade in wet to moist soils with ample organic matter to retain moisture. Plants grown in full sun require more moisture than plants growing in shade. It often forms colonies of plants in favorable habitats. Distribution: This species is very widely distributed in the eastern North America in USDA hardiness zones 3 - 9. Habitats include wet deciduous woods, meadows, banks of rivers, streams and lakes, slopes of rocky ravines, and roadsides.

Establishment

This species is easily grown; and can be planted as containers in the spring or early fall, Divisions of the plant in the spring are another option for establishment, Golden Ragwort will form dense colonies even within the root system of mature trees, The seed does not require a pre-treatment for germination to occur and the plant freely self-seeds, , Use soil moisture sensors to measure the soil moisture of Senecio aureus L. var. aquilonius Fernald.

Management

Golden Ragwort is a hardy plant with relatively few problems. This species is easy to grow and maintain with moderate levels of N, P and K. It will naturalize under optimal conditions. It can become weedy in moist conditions.

Plant Traits

Growth Requirements

Moisture UseHigh
Adapted to Coarse Textured SoilsNo
Adapted to Fine Textured SoilsYes
Adapted to Medium Textured SoilsYes
Anaerobic ToleranceLow
CaCO3 ToleranceHigh
Cold Stratification RequiredNo
Drought ToleranceLow
Fertility RequirementMedium
Fire ToleranceNone
Frost Free Days, Minimum120
Hedge ToleranceNone
pH, Maximum8.5
pH, Minimum4.5
Planting Density per Acre, Maxim19360
Planting Density per Acre, Minim3450
Precipitation, Maximum55
Precipitation, Minimum15
Root Depth, Minimum (inches)6
Salinity ToleranceNone
Shade ToleranceTolerant
Temperature, Minimum (°F)-43


Morphology/Physiology

After Harvest Regrowth RateSlow
Shape and OrientationErect
ToxicityNone
Active Growth PeriodSpring
BloatNone
Coppice PotentialNo
Fall ConspicuousNo
Fire ResistantNo
Flower ColorYellow
Flower ConspicuousYes
Foliage ColorGreen
Foliage Porosity SummerPorous
Foliage TextureFine
Fruit/Seed ConspicuousNo
Resprout AbilityNo
Nitrogen FixationNone
Low Growing GrassNo
LifespanShort
Leaf RetentionNo
Known AllelopathNo
Height, Mature (feet)3.9
Growth RateModerate
Growth FormRhizomatous
Fruit/Seed ColorBrown


Reproduction

Vegetative Spread RateModerate
Small GrainNo
Seedling VigorMedium
Seed Spread RateSlow
Fruit/Seed Period EndSummer
Seed per Pound450000
Propagated by TubersNo
Propagated by SprigsNo
Propagated by SodNo
Propagated by SeedYes
Propagated by CormNo
Propagated by ContainerYes
Propagated by BulbNo
Propagated by Bare RootNo
Fruit/Seed PersistenceNo
Fruit/Seed Period BeginSummer
Fruit/Seed AbundanceMedium
Commercial AvailabilityRoutinely Available
Bloom PeriodEarly Spring
Propagated by CuttingsNo


Suitability/Use

Veneer ProductNo
Pulpwood ProductNo
Post ProductNo
Palatable HumanNo
Palatable Graze AnimalMedium
Palatable Browse AnimalMedium
Nursery Stock ProductNo
Naval Store ProductNo
Lumber ProductNo
Fodder ProductNo
Christmas Tree ProductNo
Berry/Nut/Seed ProductNo

<i>Senecio aureus</i> L. var. aquilonius Fernald

<i>Senecio aureus</i> L. var. aquilonius Fernald

<i>Senecio aureus</i> L. var. aquilonius Fernald

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