Lesquerella tumulosa (Barneby) Reveal

Scientific Name: Lesquerella tumulosa (Barneby) Reveal

Plant Guide

Alternate Names

L. hitchcockii ssp. tumulosa L. rubicundula Physaria tumulosa P. rubicundula var. tumulosa Tum bladderpod

Uses

There are no known human or wildlife associated uses associated with Kodachrome bladderpod.

Taxonomy

There have been numerous taxonomic changes and suggestions made regarding Kodachrome bladderpod specifically, and the genus Lesquerella as a whole. In 2002, Lesquerella was subordinated within the genus Physaria by Al-Shehbaz and O’Kane (2002). Other taxonomists have not followed this realignment, or follow it hesitantly, noting that there is little difficulty in separating the two groups at generic level (Welsh et al 2003). Kodachrome bladderpod was originally described as L. hitchcockii ssp. tumulosa by Barneby (1966). It was later elevated to species status by Reveal (1970), and in 1973, Rollins and Shaw placed L. tumulosa in L. rubicundula. More recently, Welsh and others have followed Al-Shbaz and O’Kane (2002) in placing Lesquerella in the genus Physaria, but have assigned Kodachrome bladderpod varietal status within P. rubicundula creating the new P. rubicundula var. tumulosa (2003). The PLANTS Database (2010) currently follows Rollins (1993) and places L. tumulosa within L. rubicundula. Publication of the anticipated volume 7 of Flora North America may create further changes or could greatly help in settling the matter. This plant guide focuses primarily on L. tumulosa, its status as an endangered species and on management objectives for its recovery and protection. The previously mentioned taxonomic changes may have significant implications for this taxon’s status as an endangered species. Lesquerella rubicundula and L. hitchcockii are both limited to a small area in Utah and Nevada, but neither is as restricted in area as L. tumulosa. Therefore if L. tumulosa is synonomized with L. rubicundula or L. hitchcockii, it would likely not be considered to be endangered.

Status

Kodachrome bladderpod was officially listed as an endangered species in 1993 (USDI FWS). There is currently no comprehensive recovery plan created for the species, but a revised recovery outline is being used until a final recovery plan has been approved (USDI FWS 2009). Consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).

Description

General: Mustard family (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae). Kodachrome bladderpod is a small, perennial mound forming forb reaching approximately 4 cm tall. The leaves are stemless, 3 to 12 mm (0.1 to 0.5 in) long and 1 to 2 mm (0.04 to 0.08 in) wide with stellate (star-like) hairs. The flowers have four yellow petals from 5 to 7 mm (0.2 to 0.3 in) in length (Welsh et al. 2003). The fruit is an egg-shaped silicle (capsule) approximately 3 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) long containing 4 to 8 seeds. According to Welsh et al. (2003) L. tumulosa differs from L. rubicundula in being densely pulvinate caespitose (very tightly mound forming) and having smaller styles, averaging 1.5 to 2.8 mm (0.06 to 0.11 in) versus 2.8 to 5.5 mm (0.11 to 0.22 in) for L. rubicundula. Distribution: Kodachrome bladderpod is endemic to white, semibarren shale knolls in Kane County, Utah. There is a single known population of scattered occurrence in the Kodachrome Flats area of the Paria River drainage in Utah (USDI-FWS 2009). The population covers an area of approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) long by 1.2 km (0.75 mi) wide and is comprised of approximately 20,000 individual plants. Currently, most of the species range (90 %) is located within the Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument (GSENM) which is managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The remaining habitat is owned by Kodachrome Basin State Park and private landowners (USDI-FWS 2009). For current distribution, consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site. Habitat: Due to the unique environmental factors of the area, Kodachrome bladderpod grows with several other mound-forming species, many endemic to the region and even particular geologic substrates (Welsh et al. 2003). The ecological site is described as a Bouteloua, (grama species) grassland with scattered Utah juniper; however the vast majority of the habitat has very little vegetative cover. Species found growing in association with Kodachrome bladderpod include antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), yellow cryptantha (Cryptantha flava), pinyon pine (Pinus edulis), Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma), and Indian ricegrass (Achnatherum hymenoides) (USDI-FWS 2009).

Adaptation

This narrow endemic is restricted to white, bare shale knolls derived from the Winsor member of the Carmel Formation in xeric outcrops at 1,700 m (5,700 ft) elevation.

Establishment

There are no known propagation protocols for Kodachrome bladderpod.

Management

Since the majority of the species habitat is located within National Monument boundaries, there is no immediate threat from development. However new road construction and off road vehicle (ORV) use are a concern. There also exists an active gravel quarry in Kodachrome bladderpod habitat. GSENM has constructed a series of fences to deter ORV use within some occupied areas; however most sites remain accessible to public ORV use. Cattle grazing is currently permitted within GSENM in Kodachrome bladderpod habitat; however, grazing occurs outside of the reproduction season for the species and it is thought that grazing impacts are minimal. Future management plans consist of monitoring of populations, protection from ORV use through signage, fencing and education, and evaluation of cattle use and impacts (USDI-FWS 2009).

Pests and Potential Problems

There are no known pests or potential problems associated with Kodachrome bladderpod.

Environmental Concerns

Concerns

Concerns

There are no known environmental concerns associated with Kodachrome bladderpod.

Seeds and Plant Production

Plant Production , Use soil moisture sensors to measure the soil moisture of Lesquerella tumulosa (Barneby) Reveal.

Plant Production

From the little that is known regarding the reproduction of Kodachrome bladderpod, it appears that the species primarily reproduces sexually. Field observations have documented flowering and the presence of potential pollinators which may indicate at least some outcrossing. Flowers bloom from late April through May with seed dispersal in June (USDI-FWS 2009).

References

Al-Shehbaz, I.A. and S.L. O’Kane Jr. 2002. Lesquerella united with Physaria (Brassicaceae). Novon 12: 310-329. Barneby, R.C. 1966. New sorts of Lesquerella, Euphorbia, and Viguiera from Kane County, Utah. Leafl. West. Bot. 10:313-317. Reveal, J.L. 1970. Comments on Lesquerella hitchcockii. Great Basin Naturalist 30:94-96. Rollins, J.L. and E.A. Shaw. 1973. The genus Lesquerella in North America. Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusettes. 288p. USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 16 April 2010). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. USDI-Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: final rule to determine a Utah plant Lesquerella tumulosa (Kodachrome bladderpod) as an endangered species. Federal Register. 58 (192): 52027-52031. USDI-Fish and Wildlife Service. 2009. Revised recovery outline for the Kodachrome bladderpod (Lesquerella tumulosa). Utah Ecological Services Field Office. 11p. Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, S. Goodrich, and L.C. Higgins. 2003. A Utah Flora. Third Edition, revised. Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.

Prepared By

Derek Tilley; USDA NRCS Plant Materials Center, Aberdeen, Idaho. Loren St. John, USDA NRCS Plant Materials Center, Aberdeen, Idaho. Dan Ogle, USDA NRCS State Office, Boise, Idaho. Citation Tilley, D., St. John, L. and D. Ogle. 2010. Plant guide for breaks bladderpod (Lesquerella rubicundula) or Kodachrome bladderpod (Lesquerella tumulosa). USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Idaho Plant Materials Center. Aberdeen, ID. Published: November 2010 Edited: 25Aug2010djt;16Apr2010lsj; 19apr2010dgo For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or