Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) J.H. Thomas

Scientific Name: Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) J.H. Thomas


Classification: Plantae/ Tracheobionta / Spermatophyta / Magnoliophyta / Magnoliopsida / Dilleniidae / Malvales / Sterculiaceae / Fremontodendron Coville/ Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) J.H. Thomas

<i>Fremontodendron californicum</i> (Torr.) Coville ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) J.H. Thomas
General Information
Usda SymbolFRCAC2
GroupDicot
Life CyclePerennial
Growth HabitsShrubTree,
Native LocationsFRCAC2

Plant Guide

Alternate Names

Fremontia

Uses

Ethnobotanic: The bark is cut at one end of the branches and peeled off in long strips. These are washed and rubbed between the hands. Three strands are rolled together on the upper thigh to make cordage a type of string or rope that was made into a pack strap and tumpline by the Kawaiisu. The wood was also sometimes substituted for willow in the making of Kawaiisu baby cradles. The inner bark was soaked in water and the infusion drank as a physic by the Kawaiisu. Many other California tribes utilized the bark for cordage including the Owens Valley Paiute, Sierra Miwok, Western Mono, and Tubatulabal. The Sierra Miwok made a hoop of the bark wrapped with buckskin for the hoop and pole game. The Tubatulabal used rope made of flannelbush to lash bundles of tules together for a raft, to tie up crooks on pinyon staves, to bundle firewood into a load, and for two ends of a pack strap. The Western Mono used the young split branches to tie together their looped stirring sticks and to assemble different types of cone-shaped storage bins for acorns and manzanita berries.

Status

Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status, such as, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values.

Description

General: Sterculia Family (Sterculiaceae), Named after the explorer John C, Fremont, this shrub or small tree reaches 3-8 m in height, The twigs have dense stellate hairs, The shrub has ovate, soft to leathery leaves with 3 main lobes with hairs on the upper and lower surfaces, The spectacular solitary flowers are 35-60 mm wide with no petals and subtended by 3 showy yellow, sepal-like bracts, The ovoid fruit is chambered, Alfred Brousseau © Brother Eric Vogel, St, Mary's College @ CalPhotos , Use soil moisture sensors to measure the soil moisture of Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) J.H. Thomas.

Distribution

For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site. The shrub is found from 400-2200 m in chaparral, oak woodland, and pine forests in the California Floristic Province, Arizona, and down to Baja California.

Establishment

The plants grow in extremely rocky areas and are often found in crevices of rocks. In southern California, these plants are found in areas containing very gritty soil and low rainfall. Buy small seedlings and plant them in the fall in a pile of roadfill with no clay (mostly gravel and rock and very little soil). Plant the seedlings in mounds in full sun. Plant in shallow holes and make sure that no soil covers the top of the ball of soil that contains the seedlings. Cover the soil with gravel and rock, then water. Keep the mound moist until new growth is several inches long (not over 4 inches), then stop watering. Water at the edge of the mound making sure that the water doesn't get within fifteen inches of the trunk of the plant. Leave the shrub alone from then on and use no fertilizer.

Management

You can prune this shrub at any time of the year. Tribes in the Sierra Nevada burned individual shrubs or areas where the shrubs grew in the fall or winter to induce rapid elongation of young epicormic branches which were harvested and split for cordage. Cultivars, Improved and Selected Materials (and area of origin) Contact your local Natural Resources

Conservation

Service (formerly Soil Conservation Service) office for more information. Look in the phone book under ”United States Government.” The Natural Resources Conservation Service will be listed under the subheading “Department of Agriculture.”

Plant Traits

Growth Requirements

Temperature, Minimum (°F)23
Adapted to Coarse Textured SoilsYes
Adapted to Fine Textured SoilsNo
Adapted to Medium Textured SoilsYes
Anaerobic ToleranceNone
CaCO3 ToleranceLow
Cold Stratification RequiredYes
Drought ToleranceHigh
Fertility RequirementLow
Fire ToleranceHigh
Frost Free Days, Minimum200
Hedge ToleranceLow
Moisture UseLow
pH, Maximum7.5
pH, Minimum7.0
Planting Density per Acre, Maxim600
Planting Density per Acre, Minim300
Precipitation, Maximum35
Precipitation, Minimum13
Root Depth, Minimum (inches)6
Salinity ToleranceNone
Shade ToleranceIntolerant


Morphology/Physiology

BloatNone
ToxicityNone
Resprout AbilityYes
Shape and OrientationErect
Active Growth PeriodSpring and Summer
C:N RatioMedium
Coppice PotentialYes
Fall ConspicuousNo
Fire ResistantNo
Flower ColorYellow
Flower ConspicuousYes
Foliage ColorGreen
Foliage Porosity SummerDense
Foliage Porosity WinterDense
Foliage TextureCoarse
Fruit/Seed ConspicuousYes
Nitrogen FixationNone
Low Growing GrassNo
LifespanModerate
Leaf RetentionYes
Known AllelopathNo
Height, Mature (feet)10.0
Height at 20 Years, Maximum (fee6
Growth RateModerate
Growth FormMultiple Stem
Fruit/Seed ColorBlack


Reproduction

Vegetative Spread RateModerate
Small GrainNo
Seedling VigorMedium
Seed Spread RateModerate
Fruit/Seed Period EndFall
Seed per Pound27000
Propagated by TubersNo
Propagated by SprigsNo
Propagated by SodNo
Propagated by SeedYes
Propagated by CormNo
Propagated by ContainerYes
Propagated by BulbNo
Propagated by Bare RootYes
Fruit/Seed PersistenceNo
Fruit/Seed Period BeginSummer
Fruit/Seed AbundanceMedium
Commercial AvailabilityContracting Only
Bloom PeriodLate Summer
Propagated by CuttingsYes


Suitability/Use

Veneer ProductNo
Pulpwood ProductNo
Protein PotentialMedium
Post ProductNo
Palatable HumanNo
Palatable Graze AnimalLow
Palatable Browse AnimalHigh
Nursery Stock ProductYes
Naval Store ProductNo
Lumber ProductNo
Fodder ProductNo
Christmas Tree ProductNo
Berry/Nut/Seed ProductNo

<i>Fremontodendron californicum</i> (Torr.) Coville ssp. crassifolium (Eastw.) J.H. Thomas

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