Purpletop Tridens
Scientific Name: Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc.
| General Information | |
|---|---|
| Usda Symbol | TRFL2 |
| Group | Monocot |
| Life Cycle | Perennial |
| Growth Habits | Graminoid |
| Native Locations | TRFL2 |
Plant Guide
Description
General: Purpletop tridens is a native, perennial bunchgrass with culms 2 to 6 feet tall arising from a rhizomatous crown (Fig. 1). Leaves are 0.12 to 0.5 inches wide, 10 to 28 inches long, and taper to a point (Gould, 2008; Leithead et al., 2008). Leaf surfaces are smooth or sparsely covered in stiff hairs (Gould, 1975). Purpletop tridens can be identified by its ligule of stiff hairs on both sides of the leaf sheath at the collar (Phillips Petroleum, 1956). The pyramid shaped inflorescence is open, drooping, 6 to 14 inches or more long with spreading lower branches 4 to 10 inches long (Gould, 2008; Hatch and Pluhar, 1995) (Fig.2). The inflorescence, which is purplish green in bloom stage to early maturity, is often covered in an oily substance, giving it the origin of the common name “grease grass” (Phillips Petroleum, 1956; Hatch and Pluhar, 1995). Blooming begins in August and ends in November (Gould, 2008). Seeds are whitish yellow, small, and about 0.06 to 0.09 inches long (Miller and Miller, 2005). Distribution: The Tridens genus contains 14 species in the US down to Argentina (Diggs et al., 2006). Purpletop tridens occurs from New Hampshire to Florida, westward to the eastern half of Texas, then north to Nebraska and Wisconsin (Hitchcock and Chase, 1950; Diggs et al., 2006; Williams, 1997) in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 4a to 9a (NC State Extension, 2021). For current distribution, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Web site. Habitat: Purpletop tridens is found in a variety of habitats including old fields, prairies, open woods, woodland openings, powerline and railroad rights-of-ways, and roadsides (Loflin and Loflin, 2012; Illinois Wildflowers, 2021). Williams (1997) observed purpletop tridens growing along a roadside with other species including big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), thin paspalum (Paspalum setaceum), purple lovegrass (Eragrostis spectabilis), spotted beebalm (Monarda punctata), fewleaf sunflower (Helianthus occidentalis), and toothed spurge (Euphorbia dentata) in a Wisconsin study.
Adaptation
Purpletop is adapted to sites receiving full sun to partial shade (NC State Extension, 2021). It tolerates dry to moist sandy, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or clay soils in areas receiving 30 or more inches of rainfall (Leithead et al., 2008; Illinois Wildflowers, 2021; Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center, 2021). Natural Resources Conservation Service Plant Guide Figure 2. Purpletop tridens inflorescence. Photo credit: Tyler Wayland, Texas Native Seeds. Figure 1. Purpletop tridens with inflorescence. Photo credit: Tyler Wayland, Texas Native Seeds. 2
Uses
Livestock – Purpletop tridens has fair forage value and is grazed early in the season then again after frost (Hatch and Pluhar, 1995; Linex, 2014). Boggess and Baker (1983) suggest purpletop tridens has potential to reduce seasonal forage variations when grown with cool season grasses and legumes. Wildlife and Pollinators – Purpletop tridens has fair value to wildlife. Wild turkey and northern bobwhite quail consume seeds in fall (Miller and Miller, 2005), and it provides denning, nesting materials, and cover throughout the year (Loflin and Loflin, 2012; NC State Extension, 2021). Purpletop tridens supports several pollinator species. It is a larval host for the crossline skipper (Polites origenes), little glassywing (Pompeius verna), and broad-winged skipper (Poanes viator) (Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center, 2021). Common wood nymph (Cercyonis pegala) butterfly caterpillars eat the foliage, and mature individuals consume rotting fruit and flower nectar (Illinois Wildflowers, 2021; NC State Extension, 2021). Other- Purpletop tridens can be used as native ornamental grass and is attractive with its reddish-purple inflorescence when planted en masse. It is salt tolerant and found along roadsides (NC State Extension, 2021).
Ethnobotany
No references have been found regarding use by Native Americans.
Status
Threatened or Endangered: Purpletop is not threatened or endangered (US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2021). Wetland Indicator: Purpletop tridens is a facultative upland (FACU) plant in Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain and Eastern Mountains and Piedmont, but an upland plant in the Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast, Arid West, Great Plains, Midwest, and Northcentral/Northeast regions of the US (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2018). Weedy or Invasive: This plant may become weedy or invasive in some regions or habitats and may displace desirable vegetation if not properly managed. Please consult with your local NRCS Field Office, Cooperative Extension Service office, state natural resource, or state agriculture department regarding its status and use. Please consult the PLANTS Web site (http://plants.usda.gov/) and your state’s Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).
Planting Guidelines
Site preparation is critical for establishment of native species and is done well in advance of planting. Use herbicides, mowing, and tillage to control undesirable vegetation. Limit tillage as it destroys soil structure and releases a wide array of annual weeds that compete with the planting. Allow rain or irrigation to germinate weed seeds and apply a broad-spectrum herbicide to eliminate weed seedlings prior to planting. Seed drills are the preferred planting implement as they control seeding depth, seed spacing, and ensure excellent seed-to-soil contact. A drill equipped with a chaffy/fluffy seed box is recommended when planting purpletop seed (Pfaff et al., 2002). When planting with a conventional seed drill, plant into a firm seedbed to prevent loose soil from falling back into the planter’s press wheel tracks and burying the seed too deeply after the first rain event. Complete fall dormant plantings from September 1 to November 1 and spring plantings from December 1 to June 1 (USDA NRCS, 2018). Purpletop has approximately 454,000 seeds/lb (hulled) to 465,000 seeds/lb (Pfaff et al., 2002; USDA, 1948). Plant seed ½ to ¼ inch deep using a seeding rate of 3 PLS lb/acre or about 30 seed/ft2 for monoculture plantings. Adjust the seeding rate of purpletop tridens to the desired percent in the mixture. Broadcast seeding is an alternative planting method when site conditions are not conducive for seed drills. If possible, follow the same instructions to control undesirable vegetation as listed above. Lightly drag the area with a harrow or other implement prior to planting. Broadcast the seed over the area then lightly drag the planted area to cover the seed or use a culti-packer to incorporate seed into the soil. Increase seeding rates 25% when broadcast seeding to compensate for lack of control of planting depth and seed-to-soil contact. Mix seed with a carrier agent such as sand or cat litter to facilitate seed flow and even distribution over the planting area.
Management
Purpletop tridens is fire tolerant (USDA, NRCS, 2021). Mowing is an effective mechanical control method. Selective herbicides can be used to control weeds in purpletop. Consult your local agricultural extension specialist and always read and follow label and safety instructions for each management method. Purpletop tridens will increase on favorable sites where other forage grasses are overgrazed but decrease if grazed continually closer than 4 to 6 inches (Phillips Petroleum Company, 1956).
Pests and Potential Problems
Purpletop tridens is susceptible to sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola) larvae that eat the seeds. A purpletop tridens borer (Eurytomocharis triodiae) bores into stems damaging stems and seedheads. Aphid species such as rusty plum aphid (Hysteroneura setariae) and orchard grass aphid (Hyalopteroides humilis) feed on the foliage and decrease plant productivity (Illinois Wildflowers, 2021). Purpletop tridens can be considered a weed in hayfields and pastures (University of Missouri, 2021) depending upon land manager’s objectives.
Environmental Concerns
Concerns
Concerns
Purpletop tridens is a native plant within its range of occurrence and has no known negative effects on the environment.
Control
Control purpletop tridens using mechanical means, such as mowing, or a broad-spectrum herbicide. Contact your local agricultural extension specialist or county weed specialist to learn what works best in your area and how to use it safely. Always read label and safety instructions for each control method. Control measures appear in this document only to provide specific information. USDA NRCS does not guarantee the control methods named, and other methods may be equally effective.
Seeds and Plant Production
Plant Production , Use soil moisture sensors to measure the soil moisture of Purpletop Tridens.
Plant Production
Establish commercial seed production fields with transplants or direct seeding. Transplanting seedlings in the spring is the preferred method of establishing seed production fields as it creates a uniform, evenly spaced, complete stand, and allows the use of pre-emergent herbicides to reduce weed competition. Prepare the seedbed as previously discussed in the Planting Guidelines. For direct seeding, drill seeds ½ to ¼ inch deep using a seeding rate of 40 seeds/linear foot (USDA NRCS Brooksville Plant Materials Center, 1997). Space rows to allow for weed control and seed harvesting equipment. Supply moisture to seedlings to encourage plant establishment and development. Do not fertilize seed production fields during the first year. Fertilization the first growing season increases weed competition. Control weed pressure in seed production fields by cultivating between rows, utilizing spot applications of broad spectrum and selective herbicides, hoeing, or hand rogueing. Use pre-emergent herbicides to control undesirable weeds. Apply fertilizer after production stands are established. Purpletop tridens fertilized with 10-10-10 at 100 lb/acre rate increased foliage, seedhead production, and seed yield compared to unfertilized plants (USDA NRCS Brooksville Plant Materials Center, 1997). Seed increase fields may take a couple of years to reach full production (Grabowski, 2001). Harvest seed in fall when it is in hard dough to mature stage (Pfaff et al., 2002) (Fig. 3). Direct combining is the preferred harvest method (Pfaff et al., 2002). Prepare the combine for harvesting by setting the concave to one and a half times the thickness of the seed. Then adjust cylinder speed until only unthreshed seed that is immature or partly filled is discharged from the back of the combine. Set forward speed to prevent overloading the combine header intake as too much material prevents efficient threshing. Adjust combine air setting or fan speed to prevent blowing good seed out of the back of the combine (Harmond et al., 1961). Scalp harvested material to remove stems and inert matter then dry by spreading on a hard surface such as a barn floor with fans blowing air over the seed or in a bin with forced air but no heat. Use a seed cleaner with air adjustments and separation screens to remove chaff and unfilled seed. Clean seed using a top screen of 9.5/64 round hole and bottom screens of 8/64 and 7/64 round hole to remove fines and small trash (Barbour, 2007). Combine harvest and cleaner settings may vary annually depending upon seed size and weight. Seed yields of 400 lb/acre are possible from row planted production fields (Grabowski, 2001). Store harvested seed in a controlled environment of 50ºF or less and 50% or less relative humidity to improve seed longevity (Apfelbaum et al., 2005). Grabowski (2001) reports seed storage duration of 1 to 3 years. Cultivars, Improved, and Selected Materials (and area of origin) Select cultivars based on the local climate, resistance to local pests, and intended use. Consult with your local land grant university, local extension or local USDA NRCS office for recommendations on adapted cultivars for use in your area. Figure 3. Purpletop tridens seeds. Photo credit: Melinda Brakie, USDA NRCS East Texas Plant Materials Center. 4 Union Germplasm purpletop was released in 2005 by the USDA NRCS Jimmy Carter Plant Materials Center and US Forest Service. It is used for erosion control, wildlife habitat improvement, and native plant restoration. This release is adapted to the southeastern US, particularly South Carolina (USDA NRCS Jimmy Carter Plant Materials Center, 2012).
Literature Cited
Apfelbaum, S., B. Baker, F. Faessler, and D. Mahler. 2005. Obtaining and processing seeds. In: The tallgrass restoration handbook for prairies, savannas, and woodlands. Eds. S. Packard and C. Mutel, pgs. 99-126. Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration Series edition. Island Press. Washington D.C. Barbour, J. 2007. Propagation protocol for production of propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) Tridens flavus seeds. USDA FS National Seed Laboratory Dry Branch, GA. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2021/3/10). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources. Boggess, N. and B. Baker. 1983. Edaphic requirements and characteristics of purpletop. Agron. J. (75): pgs.53-56. Diggs, G., B. Lipscomb, M. Reed, and R. O’Kennon. 2006. Illustrated flora of east Texas. Vol.1. Austin College, Sherman, TX and Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT). Fort Worth, TX. Gould, F. 1975. The grasses of Texas. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Texas A&M University Press. College Station, TX. Gould, F. 2008. Common Texas grasses – an illustrated guide. (6th ed.) Texas A&M University Press. College Station, TX. Grabowski, Janet. 2001. Propagation protocol for production of propagules (seeds, cuttings, poles, etc.) Tridens flavus (L.) A.S. Hitche. plants. USDA NRCS Jamie L. Whitten Plant Materials Center Coffeeville, MS. In: Native Plant Network. URL: http://NativePlantNetwork.org (accessed 2021/03/10). US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Center for Reforestation, Nurseries, and Genetic Resources. Harmond, J., J. Smith, and J. Park. 1961. Harvesting the seeds of grasses and legumes. In: The yearbook of agriculture 1961. Seeds. Pgs 181-188. United States Department of Agriculture. US Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. Hatch, S. and J. Pluhar. 1995. Texas range plants. 2nd ed. Texas A&M University Press. College Station, TX. Hitchcock, A. and A. Chase. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. Misc. Pub. 200 (2nd ed.) United States Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. Illinois Wildflowers. 2021. Tridens flavus cupreus. Accessed online: https://illinoiswildflowers/info/grasses/plants/purpletop.htm Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center. 2021. Tridens flavus – plant database. Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Center. Austin, TX. Accessed online: https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=TRFL2 Leithead, H., L. Yarlett, and T. Shiflet. 2008. 100 native forage grasses in 11 states. Agricultural Handbook No. 389. Reprint of 1971 edition by South Carolina Native Plant Society, Norris, SC, with permission of USDA NRCS. Linex, R. 2014. Range plants of north central Texas-a landuser’s guide to their identification, value, and management. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Loflin B. and S. Loflin. 2012. Grasses of the Texas hill country-a field guide. Texas A&M University Press. College Station, TX. Miller, J. and K. Miller. 2005. Forest plants of the southeast and their wildlife uses. Revised ed. The University of Georgia Press. Athens, GA. NC State Extension. 2021. Tridens flavus. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. North Carolina State Extension. Raleigh, NC. USDA NRCS Brooksville Plant Materials Center. 1997. Development of seed sources and establishment methods for native upland reclamation. USDA NRCS Brooksville Plant Materials Center. Brooksville, FL. Pfaff, S., M. Gonter, and C. Maura. 2002. Florida native seed production manual. USDA NRCS Brooksville Plant Materials Center. Brooksville, FL. Phillips Petroleum Company. 1956. Pasture and range plants-native grasses, legumes, and forbs. Section 2. Phillips Petroleum Company. Bartlesville, OK. University of Missouri. 2021. Weed ID guide. Division of Plant Sciences. University of Missouri. Columbia, MO. 5 US Army Corps of Engineers. 2018. National wetland plants list v. 3.4. US Army Corps of Engineers. US Army Corps of Engineers. 2012.National wetland plant list indicator rating definitions. US Army Corps of Engineers. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2021. Endangered species. US Fish and Wildlife Service. Accessed online: https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ USDA NRCS Jimmy Carter Plant Materials Center. 2012. Release brochure for Union Germplasm purpletop. USDA Jimmy Carter Plant Materials Center. Americus, GA. USDA NRCS. 2018. Appendix 1-seeding and sprigging rates for zone 4, Texas. USDA NRCS Field Office Technical Guide, Texas. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. USDA, NRCS. 2021. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 25 February 2021). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. USDA. 1948. The yearbook of agriculture 1948. Grass. United States Department of Agriculture. US Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. Williams, A. 1997. Range expansion northward in Illinois and into Wisconsin of Tridens flavus (Poaceae). Rhodora 99:(900) pgs. 344-351. Citation Brakie, M. and A. Shadow. 2021. Plant Guide for purpletop (Tridens flavus). USDA-Natural Resources
Conservation
Service, East Texas Plant Materials Center. Nacogdoches, TX. May 2021 JLD 2021 For more information about this and other plants, please contact your local NRCS field office or Conservation District at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/ and visit the PLANTS Web site at http://plants.usda.gov/ or the Plant Materials Program web site: http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov. PLANTS is not responsible for the content or availability of other Web sites. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov.
Fact Sheet
Alternate Names
greasegrass
Uses
Purpletop is a perennial, warm season grass that is consumed by all grazing livestock, Use soil moisture sensors to measure the soil moisture of Purpletop Tridens., It is well adapted to shallow, droughty, infertile soil and provides forage in the summer and on sites where cool season forages do not produce well, It can be planted alone or in mixes with other warm season grasses,
Status
Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g. threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values).
Description
Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc., purpletop, is a bunchgrass with erect tufted culms. It is 35 to 75 inches tall. Leaf blades are flat, often less than 1/2 inch wide and 10 to 27 inches long, lax, smooth, and glossy green. The leaf sheath is flattened near the base, keeled (has a central rib), and overlapping. The ligule (projection up from inside leaf sheath where sheath meets blade) is a ring of short hairs. The seedhead is an open cluster, 8 to 14 inches long, spreading, pyramid shaped, usually purple, sometimes nearly black. The seedheads droop and are covered with an oily or grease-like substance. There are 465,000 seeds per pound.
Adaptation and Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Purpletop is adapted to areas of the eastern United States with more than 30 inches of rainfall, from Maine to eastern Nebraska to eastern Texas to Florida. It is not common in northern New England or New York, especially on inland sites, where poor winter hardiness is a problem. Purpletop is adapted to soils that are well-drained to droughty, shallow and rocky, fertile to sterile. It is tolerant of road salt and often colonizes roadside sites, especially in Pennsylvania and south. For a current distribution map, please consult the Plant Profile page for this species on the PLANTS Website. USDA NRCS National Plant Materials Center Beltsville, MD
Establishment
Purpletop should be seeded in spring, when soil moisture and temperatures are conducive to germination. Seeding depth should be 1/4 inch. Ten to fifteen pounds PLS (pure live seed) per acre is sufficient for drill seedings. For broadcast seedings, the seeding rate should be 20 to 25 pounds PLS per acre. Purpletop seedlings are slow to develop and competition from weeds and/or cool season grass may overwhelm the stand on the better soils. Stands should be established using a no till drill to minimize the number of weed seeds exposed. The cool season grasses must be thoroughly killed with contact herbicide before seeding. Purpletop is tolerant of most broadleaf herbicides. (Read labels for application amounts and grazing restrictions.) The most common cause of purpletop establishment failures is a loose seedbed. Conventionally tilled plantings should be packed before and especially after the seeding. The seedbed should be firm, showing only a slight imprint when stepped on. When using a no till drill, be sure the furrows are closed to avoid seed exposure and drying. This is effectively done by cultipacking after drilling.
Management
Fertilization to maintain moderate levels of phosphorus and potassium are recommended for establishment. Nitrogen fertilization is not recommended until the purpletop is established and above the competition. It may be applied late in the first summer at 20 to 40 pounds per acre or early in the second summer at 40 to 80 pounds per acre. Fertilizer should be applied in subsequent years to maintain vigor and enhance production. Mature stands resist weed and brush encroachment, but are tolerant of mowing or burning for control. Cool season grasses and legumes can be controlled with a contact herbicide or overgrazing before the purpletop emerges. Rotational grazing of purpletop that removes half the above ground growth (6 to 12 inches down to 3 to 6 inches) will provide the best forage and maintain the stand. With care, a stand will last indefinitely.
Plant Traits
Growth Requirements
| Temperature, Minimum (°F) | -23 |
|---|---|
| Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils | Yes |
| Adapted to Fine Textured Soils | Yes |
| Adapted to Medium Textured Soils | Yes |
| Anaerobic Tolerance | Low |
| CaCO3 Tolerance | Low |
| Cold Stratification Required | No |
| Drought Tolerance | High |
| Fertility Requirement | Low |
| Fire Tolerance | High |
| Frost Free Days, Minimum | 150 |
| Hedge Tolerance | None |
| Moisture Use | Low |
| pH, Maximum | 6.5 |
| pH, Minimum | 4.5 |
| Precipitation, Maximum | 60 |
| Precipitation, Minimum | 17 |
| Root Depth, Minimum (inches) | 10 |
| Salinity Tolerance | None |
| Shade Tolerance | Intolerant |
Morphology/Physiology
| After Harvest Regrowth Rate | Rapid |
|---|---|
| Toxicity | None |
| Shape and Orientation | Erect |
| Nitrogen Fixation | None |
| Resprout Ability | No |
| Active Growth Period | Summer |
| Bloat | None |
| C:N Ratio | Low |
| Coppice Potential | No |
| Fall Conspicuous | Yes |
| Fire Resistant | No |
| Flower Color | Yellow |
| Flower Conspicuous | No |
| Foliage Color | Green |
| Foliage Porosity Summer | Moderate |
| Foliage Texture | Medium |
| Low Growing Grass | No |
| Lifespan | Short |
| Leaf Retention | No |
| Known Allelopath | No |
| Height, Mature (feet) | 2.5 |
| Growth Rate | Moderate |
| Growth Form | Bunch |
| Fruit/Seed Conspicuous | Yes |
| Fruit/Seed Color | Brown |
| Foliage Porosity Winter | Porous |
Reproduction
| Vegetative Spread Rate | None |
|---|---|
| Small Grain | No |
| Seedling Vigor | High |
| Seed Spread Rate | Rapid |
| Seed per Pound | 465000 |
| Fruit/Seed Persistence | No |
| Propagated by Tubers | No |
| Propagated by Sprigs | No |
| Propagated by Sod | No |
| Propagated by Seed | Yes |
| Propagated by Corm | No |
| Propagated by Container | No |
| Propagated by Bulb | No |
| Propagated by Bare Root | No |
| Fruit/Seed Period End | Fall |
| Fruit/Seed Period Begin | Summer |
| Fruit/Seed Abundance | Medium |
| Commercial Availability | Contracting Only |
| Bloom Period | Late Summer |
| Propagated by Cuttings | No |
Suitability/Use
| Veneer Product | No |
|---|---|
| Pulpwood Product | No |
| Protein Potential | Medium |
| Post Product | No |
| Palatable Human | No |
| Palatable Graze Animal | High |
| Palatable Browse Animal | High |
| Nursery Stock Product | No |
| Naval Store Product | No |
| Lumber Product | No |
| Fodder Product | Yes |
| Christmas Tree Product | No |
| Berry/Nut/Seed Product | No |
